BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignancy with rising incidence and poor prognosis. Surgical resection remains the only curative option, with outcomes driven by R0 margins and lymphadenectomy (LND). While open liver resection (OLR) is standard, laparo…
Background: Almost 30% of patients with rectal cancer (RC) who submit to comprehensive treatment experience relapse. Surveillance plays a leading role in early detection. The landmark approach provides a more flexible and dynamic framework for survival prediction. Objective: This…