arxivcs.LGcs.DC2026-07-14
Agora: Collective and Permissionless Internet-Scale Pretraining of Large Language Models
Gil Avraham, Violetta Shevchenko, Hadi Mohaghegh Dolatabadi, Karol Pajak, James Snewin, Harry Xi, et al.
Training large language models at the multi-billion to trillion parameter scale is confined to datacenters, where data-parallel (DP) and model-parallel (MP) techniques presume homogeneous accelerators, high-speed interconnects, and a single orchestrating entity. Frontier model de…