A fully integrated smart ring for daily biochemical monitoring

Tamoghna Saha, Shichao Ding, Siyu Qin, Hannah Fishman, Rosie Pham, Te Gu, Muyang Lin, Yushan Xian, Barak Sabbagh, Abdulhameed Abdal, Gaoyuan Ji, Kittiya Sakdaphetsiri, Yi Fung Winsten Lam, Muhammad Inam Khan, Hao Luan, Zongnan Wang, Selene Tang, Omeed Djassemi, Samar S. Sandhu, Sheng Xu, Joseph Wang

Abstract Biochemical analysis complements biophysical measurements by capturing the underlying molecular and metabolic changes that drive physiological health. Here, we introduce a compact, fully integrated smart ring capable of simultaneously monitoring multiple chemical biomarkers in real-time — marking a true biochemical counterpart to existing smart rings. Our ring can continuously measure glucose, ketone, ascorbic acid, uric acid, lactate, and alcohol from passive osmotically extracted sweat, is powered by custom-built high-capacity flexible Zn-AgO batteries, and comprises ultra-compact, energy-efficient electronics for data processing and wireless transmission. It can support ~12 hours of continuous monitoring and preserves personalized calibration stability for ~2 months. The simultaneous biomarker monitoring was validated under diverse daily settings. Reliable, continuous monitoring of glucose and ketone levels showed strong agreement with commercial blood meters and continuous glucose monitors in both healthy and type 1 diabetic individuals, confirming the ring’s accuracy even for at-risk population. Overall, our ring extends beyond commercial smart rings focusing on only biophysical signals, by enabling continuous assessment of biochemical changes and advancing the development of next generation personalized and miniaturized healthcare technologies.