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arxivmath.DSeess.SYmath.OC2026-07-17

A Globally Asymptotically Stable Planar Homogeneous Polynomial Vector Field With No Polynomial Lyapunov Function

Jun Liu, Maxwell Fitzsimmons

We disprove the conjecture that every globally asymptotically stable homogeneous polynomial vector field admits a homogeneous polynomial Lyapunov function. The counterexample is a planar homogeneous cubic polynomial vector field with integer coefficients. It admits no positive definite homogeneous polynomial with nonpositive Lie derivative and, more strongly, no real-analytic Lyapunov function even locally. Nevertheless, it has an explicit degree-two homogeneous Lyapunov function that is radially unbounded, continuously differentiable everywhere, and smooth away from the origin. We also provide a machine-checked Lean 4 formalization of the main result.

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