Performance Analysis of Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation with Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes Under Nakagami m-Fading Channels

Sagarkumar Patel, Harishkumar B Chaudhari, Dharmendra Chauhan, Hardik Modi, Hiren Mewada, Sagar Kavaiya

Spatial Modulation (SM) is a promising technique for future wireless communication systems, as it reduces hardware cost and complexity while maintaining good bit error rate (BER) performance in MIMO systems. However, in real-world scenarios, systems often face challenges like antenna correlation and partial knowledge of the channel at the receiver (CSIR). This paper examines the performance of a new communication method called Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation (GQSM), combined with Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (QOSTBC), under realistic fading conditions using Nakagami-m channels. To address the impact of imperfect CSIR, the paper introduces three new QR decomposition-based detection techniques. These methods are specifically designed to reduce errors and enhance reliability in conditions where traditional maximum likelihood (ML) detection performs poorly. A detailed theoretical analysis of all three detection schemes is provided to explain their performance and advantages. Among them, Technique III yields the best results in extensive Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating improved error performance with significantly lower computational complexity than ML detection. Overall, the proposed detection methods not only overcome the limitations of ML detection but also provide a practical and scalable solution for challenging wireless environments by effectively leveraging the numerical stability of QR decomposition.