arxivcs.LGcs.CL2026-06-30
SemRF: A Semantic Reference Frame for Residual-Stream Dynamics in Language Models
Jian Gu, Aldeida Aleti, Chunyang Chen, Hongyu Zhang
Residual-stream analysis asks how language-model computation evolves across depth, but intermediate decoding requires comparable readout coordinates across layers. If embedding anchors and unembedding readout disagree on the chosen span, apparent motion may reflect measurement dr…