arxivcs.CV2026-07-22
A Unified Tokenization Framework for Pain Recognition using Heterogeneous 3D Modalities
Stefanos Gkikas, Christian Arzate Cruz, Valentina Becchetti, Muhammad Umar Khan, Alessandro Giuseppi, Raul Fernandez Rojas
Pain is a complex and pervasive phenomenon affecting a large percentage of the population, and accurate assessment is essential for effective clinical management and intervention. Computational pain recognition systems enable continuous monitoring, support clinical decision-makin…