arxivcs.LG2026-06-28
On the Policy Gradient Foundations of Group Relative Policy Optimization: Credit Assignment, Gradient Sparsity, and Rank Collapse
Amritansh Mishra, Supriyo Chakraborty, Berkcan Kapusuzoglu
Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) eliminates the learned critic in PPO by using the mean reward of grouped rollouts as a baseline. We provide a rigorous derivation of GRPO from first principles of the policy gradient theorem, revealing a fundamental credit assignment fail…