arxivcs.AIcs.CLcs.LG2026-06-28
Evidence-Informed LLM Beliefs for Continual Scientific Discovery
Dhruv Agarwal, Reece Adamson, Andrew McCallum, Peter Clark, Ashish Sabharwal, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder
Open-ended scientific discovery with large language models (LLMs) increasingly operates as a long-horizon loop of hypothesis search and verification, where a reward signal guides which hypotheses to test next. A notable recent example is AutoDiscovery, which uses "Bayesian surpri…