crossref2026-07-21
A Review of Ship Path Planning for Autonomous Navigation: From Model-Driven Methods to Deep Reinforcement Learning
Weijun Wang, Mingjie Li, Bushuo Wang, Jiajie Hu, Tao Zhang
Ship path planning is a central challenge in autonomous navigation for unmanned surface vehicles and maritime autonomous surface ships. It is not simply a shortest-path problem, but a constrained sequential decision process that must reconcile collision risk, route efficiency, CO…