Abstract Detecting low, slow and small maritime targets remains difficult because sea clutter is non-uniform, non-stationary, non-Gaussian and often observed at extremely low signal-to-clutter ratios. Here we present a switchable Copula-guided Transformer denoising diffusion prob…
Language-conditioned manipulation requires both precise contact-rich control and robust reasoning over language, scenes, and long horizons. End-to-end Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide strong local visuomotor skills, but they are trained on in-distribution task trajecto…
Real-world learning for dexterous hands remains brittle because high-dimensional hand actions amplify imitation errors and make reinforcement-learning exploration prone to contact-breaking motion. While combining imitation learning (IL) with online reinforcement learning (RL) can…
Real-world robot learning increasingly relies on heterogeneous data, but demonstrations and rollouts often mix useful progress with stalls, corrections, and suboptimal behavior. Effective policy learning therefore requires frame-level advantages that distinguish reliable local pr…
For LLM agents in multi-step interactive environments, a key challenge is to make effective use of accumulated interaction experience. Existing work has typically separated two uses of such experience: keeping it outside the model as natural-language rules for later prompting, or…