We introduce Gemma 4, a new generation of open-weight, natively multimodal language models in the Gemma model family. Designed to advance compute efficiency and reasoning, the Gemma 4 model suite features dense and Mixture-of-Experts architectures, ranging from 2.3B to 31B parame…
KY3F10:Yb3+, Tm3+ upconversion microparticles (UCMPs) with varying Mn2+ doping concentrations were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the sample with 3 mol% Mn2+ doping demonstrated markedly enhanced luminescence performance, exhibiting a signif…