arxivcs.DBcs.CLcs.IRcs.LG2026-07-02
HNSW with Accuracy Guarantees Using Graph Spanners
Minghao Li, Raghav Mittal, Sanjivni Rana, Suraj Shetiya, Gautam Das, Nick Koudas
Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) graphs serve as the industry standard due to their logarithmic complexity and strong empirical performance. However, HNSW relies on greedy graph traversal, a heuristic that provides no theoretical guarantees of correctness. In this paper,…