openalexFrontiers in Pharmacology2026-07-23
Polyphyllin II attenuates renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease partly through regulation of autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling
Xia Sun, Xinfang Qin, Huixin Bi
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, and renal fibrosis is a key pathological feature driving disease progression. Polyphyllin II (PPII), a steroidal saponin isolated from Rhizoma Paridis, has shown renoprotectiv…