arxivcs.LGcs.CV2026-07-04
Who Gets Missed in the Tail? Thresholded Subgroup Underdiagnosis in Long-Tailed Chest X-ray Classification
Ha-Hieu Pham, Hai-Dang Nguyen, Dang P. M. Cao, Thanh-Huy Nguyen, Min Xu, Trung-Nghia Le, et al.
In chest X-ray (CXR) classification, acceptable ranking performance can still leave rare-positive patients below threshold, especially within subgroups. We study this pre-deployment fairness problem as an audit question: after a long-tailed multi-label CXR model is converted from…