Radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit design using the open-source complementary Metal-Oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ecosystem, such as for phase-locked loops (PLLs), is limited by the absence of reliable passive device models, particularly on-chip spiral inductors. Consequently,…
Vehicle license plate recognition is an integral component of intelligent transportation systems. In this work, we present an embedded real-time license plate recognition system customized for developing countries. We address the challenge of handling complex, unstructured traffi…