arxivcs.DCcs.LG2026-07-01
Scaling Weisfeiler-Leman Expressiveness Analysis to Massive Graphs with GPUs
Filippo Biondi, Mirco Tribastone, Max Tschaikowski
The stable coloring of the Weisfeiler-Leman (1-WL) test is a cornerstone of Graph Neural Networks because it provides an upper bound to the expressive power of message-passing architectures. Unfortunately, computing it presents two fundamental bottlenecks. First, classic algorith…