crossrefMathematics2026-06-11
A Unified Review of Statistical, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Methods for Longitudinal Data Analysis
Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran, Saheed Ajibade Kunle, Ali Rashash R. Alzahrani, Mohammed H. Alharbi, Nada MohammedSaeed Alharbi, Asma Ahmad Alzahrani
Longitudinal data, characterized by repeated measurements on the same subjects over time, are ubiquitous in biomedical sciences, economics, social sciences, and engineering. Analyzing such data presents unique statistical and computational challenges, including within-subject cor…