crossrefFuture Internet2026-05-05
Enhanced Machine Learning-Based SDM-QAM Transmission Using Low-Cost Fast-OFDM
This paper presents a novel integration of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-based fast optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (F-OFDM) with machine learning (ML)-based equalization in spatial division multiplexing (SDM) applications, using few-mode fibers (FMFs).…