Background Based on the Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions, this study aimed to examine the associations between academic emotions and self-efficacy among nursing undergraduates, and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing nursing education interventions. Methods…
Post-training is essential for refining the domain-specific capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet existing reward optimization and distribution matching methods tightly couple policy exploration with distribution alignment. This coupling forces expensive exploration d…
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhanced by Knowledge Graphs has shown promise in complex multi-hop reasoning tasks. However, existing graph-based retrieval methods typically rely on flat, undirected topologies. During the retrieval process, the probability flow often gets t…