Aim: To develop and internally evaluate machine learning (ML) models for predicting incident cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) multimorbidity in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, and to identify key predictors. Methods: We included 4,244 participants from the China H…
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is rapidly advancing the reasoning capabilities of language models, yet the optimization layer that converts reward feedback into weight-space updates remains poorly understood. Building on our prior analysis (Zhu et al., 2025…
Low-rank factorization is widely used to compress neural networks, but modern models are often not naturally amenable to aggressive factorization without significant accuracy loss. Existing training-time low-rank regularizers can improve compressibility, but they often require SV…