crossrefRobotics2026-02-02
Visual and Visual–Inertial SLAM for UGV Navigation in Unstructured Natural Environments: A Survey of Challenges and Deep Learning Advances
Tiago Pereira, Carlos Viegas, Salviano Soares, Nuno Ferreira
Localization and mapping remain critical challenges for Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) operating in unstructured natural environments, such as forests and agricultural fields. While Visual SLAM (VSLAM) and Visual–Inertial SLAM (VI-SLAM) have matured significantly in structured a…