arxivcs.LGcs.AI2026-07-17
When Do Multi-Agent Systems Help? An Information Bottleneck Perspective
Wendi Yu, Lianhao Zhou, Xiangjue Dong, Sai Sudarshan Barath, Declan Staunton, Byung-Jun Yoon, et al.
LLM powered multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising paradigm for complex tasks. However, their advantages over single-agent systems (SAS) remain unclear, with performance varying inconsistently across settings. Here, we provide an information bottleneck perspective…