arxivcs.LGcs.AIcs.CL2026-07-11
ARMOR: Stabilizing On-Policy LLM RL with Off-Policy Anchor Samples
Kexin Huang, Junkang Wu, Jinda Lu, Shuo Yang, Chiyu Ma, Jiancan Wu, et al.
Reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet the training process remains notoriously fragile. In this work, we investigate a critical source of this instability: over-optimization, where models exploit tra…