A watermark in a generative model's output is usually asked only whether a text is machine-made. The same mark can do more: attribute it to the user who produced it, extract a hidden payload, or localize the part that survives editing. These form a forensic ladder, and we ask wha…
LLM agents reach users through resellers, who may rebrand a developer's agent or substitute a cheaper model. When provenance is disputed, attribution rests on the trajectory log (the record of tool calls, observations, and executed actions, not the model's reasoning), which the r…
We determine exactly what a kurtosis bound buys for one-sided tail control. For the class $\mathcal{C}(κ)$ of real random variables with mean $0$, variance $1$, and fourth moment at most $κ$, the skewness left free, we compute the worst-case tail probability $V_1(t,κ)=\sup_{X\in\…
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the development of computer networks has been advancing rapidly, and the world has gradually entered a new era of digital connectivity. While enjoying the convenience brought by digitization, people are also facing increasingly serious thr…