arxiveess.SPcs.IT2026-07-21
Low-Complexity Channel Estimation Framework for Non-Square UPA-Assisted XL-MIMO Systems
Yilong Liu, Xi Yang, Binggui Zhou, Yu Han, Ting Liu, Shaodan Ma
Low-complexity channel state information acquisition is crucial for extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems. However, practical deployments of non-square uniform planar arrays (UPAs) in hybrid-field environments face prohibitive computational comple…