Robot manipulation policies are typically tied to specific robotic hand embodiments, limiting the transfer of learned behaviors across platforms with different kinematic structures. In this work, we propose the Unified Hand Action Space (UHAS), a sphere-based unified action repre…
Urban color plays a fundamental role in shaping the visual character and cultural identity of cities. Yet in many contexts, current practices remain fragmented, with color analysis often disconnected from planning implementation and governance. To address this issue, this study p…