crossrefApplied Sciences2025-10-22Cited by 1
Machine Learning-Enhanced Last-Mile Delivery Optimization: Integrating Deep Reinforcement Learning with Queueing Theory for Dynamic Vehicle Routing
Tsai-Hsin Jiang, Yung-Chia Chang
We present the ML-CALMO framework, which integrates machine learning with queueing theory for last-mile delivery optimization under dynamic conditions. The system combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) demand forecasting, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) traffic prediction, and…