openalexScientific Reports2026-07-23
Development and validation of the digital competence framework and scale for pre-service physical education teachers
Lei Li, Zhenhui Pan, Yaqin Ren, Cheng Xiao
Abstract General teacher Digital Competence (DC) frameworks, which lack a subject-specific pedagogical perspective, are limited in their ability to effectively guide technology integration practices in physical education contexts. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods des…