The effect of a series of whole-body cryotherapy treatments on selected balance indicators in young, healthy people

Bartłomiej Ptaszek, Natalia Solecka, Szymon Podsiadło

Background/objectives Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a physiotherapeutic method widely used in sports medicine, rehabilitation and biological regeneration. Its effects include modulation of the neuromuscular system, regulation of muscle tone and activation of adaptive mechanisms. Studies show that for people struggling with balance disorders, cryotherapy can reduce muscle spasticity and fatigue, often producing better results when combined with physical therapy. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of a series of whole-body cryotherapy treatments on selected parameters of static balance in healthy and young women, which also seems to be important. Methods Twelve healthy young women participating in recreational physical activity participated in the study. Balance was assessed (before and after a series of 10 WBC sessions) using a stabilometric platform, which analyzed selected balance indicators. Measurements were performed while standing on one and both legs, with eyes open and closed. Results Statistically significant changes were observed in selected stabilometric parameters. The most pronounced effects included a reduction in COP path length and mean velocity of COP displacement (COP sway path length (mm) BF EO; mean COP displacement velocity (mm/s) BF EO; average COP position in the X axis (mm) LL EO; average COP position in the Y axis (mm) LL EO), particularly during single-leg stance with eyes closed (COP oscillation path length (mm) LL EC; average COP displacement velocity (mm/s) LL EC; maximum COP oscillation (mm) LL EC; average COP position in the X axis (mm) RL EC). Changes were also noted in maximum sway and foot load distribution (loading of the left forefoot (%) BF EC; loading of the left hindfoot (%) BF EC). Conclusions The use of a series of WBC treatments was associated with changes in selected stabilometric parameters, particularly under conditions of increased proprioceptive load. The results suggest a possible effect of WBC on postural control mechanisms in young and healthy people, but these require confirmation in randomized, controlled trials.