In many decision-making settings, new interventions are acceptable only if they do not reduce outcomes below some established threshold. For example, in clinical medicine, new treatments are often acceptable only if they do not worsen outcomes relative to an established standard…
Activation patching is the primary tool in mechanistic interpretability. It attributes causal responsibility for a model behavior to each of its individual components by estimating its natural indirect effect (NIE). Re-deriving the activation patching estimand from causal mediati…