Split face recognition reduces client-side computation but exposes intermediate features to feature inversion attacks and unauthorized analysis by honest-but-curious (HBC) servers. Existing privacy-preserving face recognition methods mainly aim to resist unauthorized reconstructi…
We model cryptographic auditing of off-chain data as a Constrained MDP (CMDP) under partial observability: the storage node's hidden type and corruption state make the problem a POMDP, while a miss-rate ceiling rho imposes an explicit security constraint. We propose DRQN-CMDP, a…
Causal subgroup analyses often report a small number of groups summarizing treatment effect heterogeneity, as if that number were a well-defined estimand. Outside genuinely latent class populations, however, a ``true'' subgroup count is model dependent rather than a population fu…
Controllable image generation methods, such as ControlNet, have demonstrated a remarkable capacity to introduce visual conditions(e.g., depth maps) to guide image generation. However, these methods often struggle with complex multi-instance scenes, frequently leading to attribute…
The advancement of generative AI models capable of producing text and image marks a critical step forward in the realm of multimodal intelligence, particularly for tasks involving the interleaving of both modalities. To advance this intelligence to the next stage, it is crucial f…
Principal stratification provides a foundational framework for causal inference with intermediate outcomes by defining causal effects within subpopulations, yet existing work has largely focused on average effects across strata rather than treatment effect heterogeneity within st…