Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where hidden triggers induce malicious outputs. Existing defenses generally fall into inference-time detection or training-time mitigation, but face two key limitations. First, they focus on fine-tuning-based backdo…
Traditional variational Kalman filtering with unknown noise statistics suffers from inconsistent process covariance estimation and slow convergence speed, limiting its practical utility. To address these issues, we introduce a surrogate variable representing the process-noise-fre…
Autonomous landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on wave-disturbed marine platforms remains challenging due to stochastic platform motion, time-varying platform attitude, and uncertain touchdown conditions. Existing model-based methods often require accurate motion predictio…