arxivcs.PLcs.AReess.SY2026-07-09
ESBMC-Arduino: Closing the Deployment Gap for Formal Verification of Open-Hardware PLCs
Pierre Dantas, Lucas Cordeiro, Waldir Junior
OpenPLC, Arduino OPTA, CONTROLLINO, and Industrial Shields M-Duino bring IEC 61131-3 to low-cost microcontrollers used in real automation and industrial control system (ICS) security research. Existing open-source verifiers for IEC 61131-3, including ESBMC-PLC, prove safety over…