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Muhammad Bilal

2 papers indexed

arxivcs.SEcs.AI2026-07-06

LLM-Based Test Oracles: Source-of-Authority Taxonomy -- A Systematic Literature Review

Ali Hassaan Mughal, Muhammad Bilal

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to produce test oracles, the part of a test that decides whether observed behavior is correct. Yet a clear account of where these oracles draw their authority is missing. Prior secondary studies organize the area by oracle form o…

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crossrefDrones2025-07-23Cited by 10

An Improved Deep Q-Learning Approach for Navigation of an Autonomous UAV Agent in 3D Obstacle-Cluttered Environment

Ghulam Farid, Muhammad Bilal, Lanyong Zhang, Ayman Alharbi, Ishaq Ahmed, Muhammad Azhar

The performance of the UAVs while executing various mission profiles greatly depends on the selection of planning algorithms. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can effectively be utilized for robot path planning. Due to random action selection in case of action ties, the tra…

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