High-throughput RLHF systems often decouple rollout generation from policy optimization, leading to the use of stale rollouts during learner updates. In this work, we study the effect of such staleness in asynchronous GRPO. We make the behavior policy explicit in the GRPO surroga…
Knowledge Tracing (KT) is important for personalized education but traditionally suffers from two key limitations: a reliance on shallow ID-based representations that neglect semantic depth and a restriction to single-granularity mastery estimation that overlooks hierarchical kno…