The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources has led to a significant reduction in system inertia, resulting in faster and more pronounced frequency deviations in modern low-inertia power systems. In such environments, the dynamic behavior of electrical loads becomes in…
The problem of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is central to the secure and economic operation of modern power systems. However, increasing renewable energy penetration, and decreasing system inertia pose significant challenges to conventional optimization-based OPF solvers. While machi…