arxiveess.SP2026-07-15
RIS Beamforming under Element-Level Variations: Statistical Characterization and Robust Design
Dimitris Kompostiotis, Dimitris Vordonis, Vassilis Paliouras, George C. Alexandropoulos
In this paper, a novel analytical framework to characterize the impact of element-level variations on the radiation characteristics of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is introduced. Specifically, a statistical model is proposed to capture the effects of varactor capaci…