End-to-end trajectory planners need to represent multiple plausible driving behaviors while producing a single executable trajectory under real-time constraints. Proposal-based approaches address this ambiguity by generating multiple candidates, but converting the proposal set in…
On-policy distillation (OPD) has become a key paradigm in LLM post-training, yet its training dynamics remain poorly understood. We present a systematic study examining the role, pathologies, and regulations of OPD. We first clarify the role of OPD as an exploration catalyst: it…
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have become a promising paradigm for generalist robot manipulation, where visual-language representations are used to condition continuous action generation. However, these representations are not explicitly optimized for action conditioning, l…