Mobile on-device AI (MoAI) systems that integrate locally deployed AI models with conventional mobile software components are emerging as a key paradigm for delivering intelligent functionality directly on end-user devices. By moving inference from remote cloud services to the lo…
The adaptive moment estimation algorithm, known as Adam, is widely used in modern machine learning, owing to its low per-iteration complexity and strong empirical performance. Despite its prevalent use, the theoretical foundation of Adam remains largely unexplored for time-varyin…
This study constructs a neural-network-inspired multi-layer machine learning model (RQLNet) to measure and analyze the effects of tail risk spillover and its associated sensitivities to macroeconomic factors among petroleum supply chain enterprises. On this basis, the study const…