Awareness of the Impact of IT/AI on Energy Consumption in Enterprises: A Machine Learning-Based Modelling Towards a Sustainable Digital Transformation

Jolanta Słoniec, Monika Kulisz, Marta Małecka-Dobrogowska, Zhadyra Konurbayeva, Łukasz Sobaszek

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) is transforming business operations while increasing energy demand. A scalable and nonintrusive method for assessing the adoption of energy-conscious IT governance without direct measurements of energy use is lacking. To address this gap, a machine learning framework is developed and validated that infers the presence of energy-conscious IT governance from five indicators of digital maturity and AI adoption. Enterprise survey data were used to train five classification algorithms—support vector machine, logistic regression, decision tree, neural network, and k-nearest neighbors—to identify organizations implementing energy-efficient IT/AI management. All models achieved strong predictive performance, with SVM achieving 90% test accuracy and an F1 score of 89.8%. The findings demonstrate that an enterprise’s technological profile can serve as a reliable proxy for assessing sustainable IT/AI practices, enabling rapid assessment, benchmarking, and targeted support for green digital transformation. This approach offers significant implications for policy design, ESG reporting, and managerial decision-making in energy-conscious governance, supporting the alignment of digital innovation with environmental objectives.