FillGS: Filling Observation Gaps in 4D Gaussian Splatting via Viewpoint-Time Selection and Generative Refinement

Takashi Otonari, Toshihiko Yamasaki

4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) can render dynamic scenes photorealistically. However, with limited viewpoint coverage, some spatiotemporal regions remain sparsely observed, leading to artifacts, particularly in scenes with large motion. Existing approaches leveraging generative models rely on heuristic virtual-viewpoint selection before refining rendered views. As a result, they cannot actively explore such sparsely observed regions. To address this issue, we propose a pipeline that actively selects spatiotemporal virtual viewpoints to improve 4DGS reconstruction. Our method selects virtual viewpoints for generative enhancement based on the rendering sensitivity and motion-aware observation density of 4D Gaussians, prioritizing views that alleviate observation sparsity. In the refined images, we filter out regions that conflict with captured observations or are likely to contain generative artifacts and then fine-tune 4DGS using only the reliable regions. We evaluate our method on multi-view video benchmarks using new train/test splits designed to induce observation gaps. Results show consistent improvements over prior viewpoint selection strategies and fine-tuning methods in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations, while reducing artifacts.