Profiling Organizational AI Readiness in Thailand’s Logistics Industry Using TOE–UTAUT Features, Clustering Analysis, and Explainable Machine Learning

Wipada Sriwichien, Warawut Narkbunnum, Kittipol Wisaeng

Artificial intelligence (AI) adoption within logistics organizations remains uneven despite increasing digital transformation initiatives in emerging economies. This study investigates respondent-perceived organizational AI readiness profiles in Thailand’s logistics industry using an integrated analytical framework combining TOE–UTAUT predictors, clustering analysis, supervised machine learning, and explainable artificial intelligence techniques. Data were collected from 520 logistics and supply chain professionals in Thailand using a structured questionnaire. K-means clustering was applied to identify internally derived respondent-perceived AI readiness profiles, while Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, and LightGBM models were developed to classify readiness-profile membership. A weighted voting ensemble model was additionally employed to assess classification robustness and profile-differentiation stability across multiple learning algorithms. The findings identified three internally derived respondent-perceived AI readiness profiles representing relatively low, moderate, and advanced readiness patterns within the TOE–UTAUT feature space. Among the evaluated models, the SVM classifier achieved the strongest classification performance, obtaining the highest accuracy and AUC values. SHAP analysis indicated that Actual Use, Technological Factors, Facilitating Conditions, and Behavioral Intention exhibited the largest feature-attribution contributions within the readiness-profile classification framework. The study contributes to AI adoption research by integrating clustering-based segmentation, machine-learning classification, and explainable artificial intelligence into a unified readiness-profiling framework. The findings provide practical insights for managers and policymakers seeking to understand respondent-perceived organizational AI readiness patterns and support digital transformation initiatives within logistics professional contexts.