Decentralized Machine Learning Framework for the Internet of Things: Enhancing Security, Privacy, and Efficiency in Cloud-Integrated Environments

José Gelson Gonçalves, Muhammad Shoaib Ayub, Ainur Zhumadillayeva, Kanagat Dyussekeyev, Sunggat Ayimbay, Muhammad Saadi, Renata Lopes Rosa, Demóstenes Zegarra Rodríguez

The Internet of things (IoT) presents unique challenges for the deployment of machine learning (ML) models, particularly due to constraints on computational resources, the necessity for decentralized processing, and concerns regarding security and privacy in interconnected environments such as the Internet of cloud. In this paper, a novel decentralized ML framework is proposed for IoT environments characterized by wireless communication, dynamic data streams, and integration with cloud services. The framework integrates incremental learning algorithms with a robust decentralized model exchange protocol, ensuring that data privacy is preserved, while enabling IoT devices to participate in collaborative learning from distributed data across cloud networks. By incorporating a gossip-based communication protocol, the framework ensures energy-efficient, scalable, and secure model exchange, fostering effective knowledge sharing among devices, while addressing the potential security threats inherent in cloud-based IoT ecosystems. The framework’s performance was evaluated through simulations, demonstrating its ability to handle the complexities of real-time data processing in resource-constrained IoT environments, while also mitigating security and privacy risks within the Internet of cloud.