RELIC: Revealed Principles for Learning Interpretable Composable Skills in Multi-Agent Planning

Nguyen Viet Tuan Kiet, Bui Dinh Pham, Duong Quoc Chinh, Dao Van Tung, Tran Cong Dao, Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

Multi-agent planning becomes substantially harder when agents must improve specialized decision-making skills while keeping their internal implementations private. This regime arises when agents are developed independently, expose different interfaces and capabilities, and must nevertheless coordinate without sharing executable policies. Prior research has largely assumed centralized optimization, shared policy access, or common skill representations, making it poorly suited to privacy-constrained cooperation. We introduce RELIC, a framework for learning interpretable and composable skills via revealed principles. Each agent refines its own programmatic skill through private LLM-guided search, while a trusted orchestrator evaluates proposed updates solely through team-level performance. Successful behaviors are not broadcast as code; instead, they are abstracted into portable principles that other agents can instantiate within their own interfaces and recombine with local strategies. This separates coordination from implementation sharing, enabling cross-agent transfer under heterogeneous skill signatures. RELIC thus introduces a new paradigm for privacy-preserving skill learning and coordination in multi-agent planning.