Optimized IoT clustering and assignment in semi-synchronous federated learning

Hadi Farajvand, Nahideh Derakhshanfard, Abbas Mirzaei, Ali Ghaffari, Ali Asghar Pour Haji Kazem

This study focuses on the important task of optimizing device clustering and assigning them to edge servers, while also implementing data redistribution in hierarchical semi-synchronous federated learning within the realm of advancing edge computing. Our research goal is to increase the performance and scalability of federated learning systems by improving resource allocation and data processing efficiency, which will in turn enhance edge computing frameworks. The current literature does not have thorough methods that can effectively combine model accuracy with optimal device clustering algorithms in hierarchical semi-synchronous federated learning, leading to below-par performance and inefficient use of resources. This difference highlights the need for creative measures that enhance not only model training accuracy but also the grouping of devices as opposed to current methods. The study utilizes a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to group IoT devices according to their hardware features and local datasets, then applies the K-means algorithm to create efficient device clusters. After that, Hybrid Data Redistribution is used to equalize local datasets in each cluster, and Proximal Policy resource allocation optimization algorithm is implemented to allocate devices to edge servers according to bandwidth usage, and energy consumption based on real-time updates, ultimately enabling hierarchical semi-synchronous federated learning to improve model training. The results show a 15% increase in clustering metrics compared to current algorithms, showcasing how our method improves device assignment and data redistribution in hierarchical semi-synchronous federated learning, addressing issues in model accuracy and resource optimization.